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Tourist car charger Battery characteristics: Positive (positive) pole: Lead dioxide (lead powder) Negative (negative) pole: Lead plate electrolyte (dilute sulfuric acid) is adsorbed on sponge (separator plate)? The problem with the positive plate is that the lead powder is dropped (softened), and the negative plate exhibits a crystal blockage channel formed by vulcanization. The quality of the charger is mainly reflected in three aspects: high charging efficiency, low failure rate, extended battery life The four major factors affecting battery life are: vulcanization, polarization, battery imbalance, undercharge and overcharge. Vulcanization (sulfation): When discharging, white hard lead sulfate crystals are formed on the electrode plate, and it is very difficult to convert the active lead sulfate into lead sulfate during charge. This lead sulfate has poor conductivity, high resistance, solubility and dissolution. The speed is very small, it is difficult to recover during charging, and at the same time, the contact path of the electrolyte and the deep active material is blocked, and thus it becomes a cause of a decrease in capacity and a shortened life. Its appearance is as follows: When it is put on light, it becomes full and we charge it as "false damage" of the battery. Sulphuric acid sulphate adheres to the plate, reducing the reaction area between the electrolyte and the plate, so that the battery capacity decays rapidly. Loss of water will increase the vulcanization of the battery; vulcanization will increase the loss of water in the battery, and it is easy to form a vicious circle. Causes: Long-term storage, insufficient charging, overdischarge, and high-current discharge during use. Hazard: A slight battery cure will reduce the capacity of the battery, increase the internal resistance of the battery, and in severe cases, the electrode will fail and the battery will not charge. Failure performance: 1. As the amount of active material on the plate decreases, the capacity of the battery decreases, the capacity is obviously insufficient when used, and the voltage drops quickly. 2. Since the lead sulfate crystals cannot be sufficiently reduced, the electrolyte density is reduced. 3. As the battery capacity is reduced, the battery voltage quickly rises during charging, bubbles are precipitated prematurely, and the battery voltage drops rapidly during discharge. 4. As the resistance becomes larger, the temperature of the electrolyte rises rapidly when the battery is charged, and it quickly rises to 40°C. 5. At the end of charging and charging, the battery terminal voltage is too high. 6. Bubbles occur prematurely when charging or when charging starts. General charger manufacturers solutions: periodic over-charge method, reducing the battery of lead sulfate crystals; in the floating stage plus a single pulse, in fact, there is basically no effect of vulcanization. Our company's product solutions: combined pulse, temperature compensation Combined pulse: In the constant current and constant voltage stage, a combination pulse is added. Using the smart pulse pulse, it interferes with the curing of the battery during the charging process. At the same time, it breaks the crystal nuclei of the lead sulfate crystals, making it difficult to form sulfates. To repair function. Temperature compensation: Accurately collect external and internal temperature through thermistor electronics, intelligently adjust the charging voltage, so that the battery will not undercharge and overshoot, to minimize the vulcanization phenomenon. Polarization: Ohmic polarization, electrochemical polarization, concentration polarization 1. Ohmic polarization: It is caused by the resistance of each part connected by the battery. The voltage drop value follows Ohm's law, the current decreases, the polarization immediately decreases, and the current disappears immediately after the current stops. 2. Electrochemical polarization: Polarization is caused by the sluggish nature of the electrochemical reaction at the electrode surface. As the current becomes smaller, it decreases significantly in microseconds. 3. Concentration difference polarization: due to the delay of the ion diffusion process in the solution, the concentration of the electrode surface and the solution body at a certain current is poor, resulting in polarization. This polarization decreases or disappears at the macrosecond (seconds to tens of seconds) as the current decreases. The first two polarizations can be reduced or eliminated in milliseconds or microseconds as long as the battery current drops to a small enough value or stops. This is mainly solved by the battery manufacturer, and the concentration polarization is resolved by the charger. General charger manufacturers solutions: set the safe voltage range, overvoltage protection, to prevent the polarization caused by excessive voltage. However, there is a drawback that the control voltage is set to a fixed value, and the optimal charging voltage range can be accurately controlled by the accompanying change in the environment and the voltage change caused by the thermal reaction during charging. Simply put, only a theoretical control voltage is roughly set. Our company's product solutions: temperature compensation, combined pulse Temperature compensation: to accurately control the voltage, control below the polarization point (for floating stage: monomer 2.42V-2.45V) Combining pulses: Combine pulses into pulse trains to achieve long-term compensation for optimal charging and depolarization performance. The composite pulse charging current is accompanied by instantaneous forced depolarization during charging, which effectively reduces battery charging. The resulting resistance polarization, concentration polarization, and electrochemical polarization. For example, the rectangular pulse is used as the main source of charging power; the reverse single pulse mainly solves the concentration polarization and detects the change of the battery internal resistance; the gap pulse mainly solves the resistance polarization and the like. Therefore, a variety of pulsed charging currents can achieve the best depolarization effect, the charging efficiency is greatly improved, the battery charging heat is greatly reduced (ie, the temperature rise is very low), not only makes high-current charging possible, but also saves Charging time and energy also effectively extend the working life of the battery. Battery pack imbalance: A group of batteries consists of multiple single cells. Due to manufacturing process problems, the absolute balance of each battery cannot be achieved. The average charger uses average current, so that the small-capacity single-cell battery is first filled and overcharge occurs. When the battery is discharged, the battery with the smaller capacity is discharged first. And formed over. In the long run, the vicious circle causes the entire battery pack to lag behind, thus scrapping the entire battery pack. General charger manufacturer solution: Charge over a period of time to repair. Our company product solutions: pulse charging, temperature compensation, integrated control Pulse charge: Loss of water is one-third of that of a normal charger. If the loss of water is small, the voltage difference of the battery will be small. On the contrary, if the amount of water loss is large, the battery voltage difference is large. With the increase of water loss, the vulcanization will increase, and ordinary chargers do not remove the vulcanization function, so the imbalance of the battery is serious. When our combined pulse is charged, the loss of water is small, and the voltage difference of the battery is also small. After the battery is vulcanized, it can be removed by pulses, so that the entire battery tends to balance. Temperature compensation: Through temperature compensation to more accurately control the voltage difference of each cell in the battery pack, to achieve a balanced charge. Comprehensive control: During the series charge and discharge of the battery pack, the actual capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack is different, but the charge current of each battery is the same, and the battery with small capacity must be fully charged before. Early into the overcharge stage, the battery cell with large capacity must be undercharged. This is the reason that the inconsistency of the battery pack is aggravated. Eventually, the battery cells are not balanced. Affect battery pack usage capacity and life. Therefore, the voltage difference between the battery cells is obtained through precise voltage detection, and then the voltage difference is controlled to control the equalizing circuit, and the charging current flowing into each battery cell is changed to reduce the voltage difference between the battery cells, and accordingly the corresponding The imbalance between the monomers is small. Undercharge and overcharge: Undercharge means insufficient charge, and overcharge means overcharge. Under-filling causes vulcanization. Over-charging results in increased voltage and water loss, which in turn leads to vulcanization. Involving voltage (monomer): Discharge termination voltage: international standard 1.6V, national standard 1.7V Safety voltage: 2.3V Water loss point: 2.35V Oxygen evolution point: 2.35V Hydrogen evolution point: 2.45V Polarization point: 2.45V Protection function: Other manufacturers: open circuit, short circuit, reverse polarity of battery, over voltage, over current, over temperature protection We: Ultra-low frequency composite pulse charging, automatic temperature compensation, automatic equalization, short circuit protection, overheat protection, reverse connection protection, input low voltage, and overvoltage protection.
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