Artificial Intelligence
Diamond abrasives make cutting tools even more powerful
The left section provides an in-depth overview of the sawing mechanism when diamond tools are used to cut hard and brittle materials such as stone. It explores the wear mechanisms of diamond tools during the cutting process, as well as the current research status on sawing forces both domestically and internationally. Due to the complexity of the sawing process for these materials, there is still no unified understanding of the underlying mechanisms. As a result, further theoretical research into the wear behavior of diamond tools and the dynamics of sawing forces is urgently needed.
**Introduction**
Hard and brittle materials refer to substances that exhibit high hardness and brittleness, often being non-conductive or semi-conductive. Examples include various types of stone, glass, silicon crystals, quartz, hard alloys, and ceramics. With the advancement of science and technology, the applications of these materials have expanded significantly, leading to continuous improvements in their processing techniques. Among various methods of processing hard and brittle materials, cutting plays a crucial role. For instance, in the production of building decorative panels and precision rock components, sawing is typically the initial machining step, with its cost accounting for over 50% of the total processing expenses. Diamond cutting tools are widely used for this purpose due to their superior performance.
Diamond is the hardest natural material known, making it ideal for cutting hard and brittle materials like stone. The primary methods of sawing hard and brittle materials using diamond tools include circular saw blades, diamond band saws, diamond frame saws, and diamond bead saws. Although each method has unique characteristics and application areas, their fundamental cutting and wear mechanisms are similar. Since rock cutting is one of the most common applications of diamond tools, a deeper understanding of the sawing mechanism and the wear behavior of these tools is essential for their proper design and usage.
Over the years, researchers around the world have conducted extensive studies on the mechanism of diamond tool cutting in granite, the wear of diamond tools, and the forces involved during the sawing process. These efforts have led to significant achievements and have provided valuable theoretical guidance for the development of diamond tools and their application in industrial settings.
**Research on the Sawing Mechanism of Diamond Cutting Tools**
Diamond abrasives are typically manufactured into cutting tools through sintering or plating. The cutting process of diamond tools is somewhat similar to grinding, but the material properties of hard and brittle substances like stone and ceramics make their processing mechanisms different from those used for metals. This makes the overall process more complex.
Since the introduction of diamond tools for stone cutting, numerous studies have been conducted to understand the cutting mechanism. Researchers have evolved from early methods, such as observing the scratch surface morphology of single-grain diamonds, to using advanced techniques like polarizing microscopes and scanning electron microscopes to analyze the surface topography and crack propagation in rocks. Acoustic emission signals are also used to monitor the cutting conditions of the material.
Despite these advancements, the complex nature of cutting hard and brittle materials means that the mechanisms governing this process remain not fully understood. Early experiments showed that under different cutting conditions, the primary failure mode of granite when cut by a single diamond particle is brittle fracture. However, depending on the mineral composition of the rock, some plastic deformation may also occur.
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