The flotation behavior of very fine ore is mainly determined by its colloidal properties, which are characterized by:
1) The quality of the slime is small, it is difficult to adhere to the bubble, and it is easy to adhere to the surface of the coarse grain to reduce its floatability;
2) Larger than the surface, not only destroys the normal action of the agent, but also occupies the surface of the bubble, and also consumes a large amount of chemicals to reduce the flotation index; secondly, it also makes the foam too stable, which brings difficulties to the selection and concentration operations.
In the practice of flotation, in order to overcome the extremely fine grain deterioration of the flotation process, the usual measures are:
1. When there is too much fine mud, use a dispersant to reduce its effects. Dispersants commonly used water glass, phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate. This approach makes it difficult to fundamentally change and solve problems, and should also strengthen selected operations.
2. Pre-selection of desliming before flotation. Flotation de-slurry is to use a small amount of foaming agent and collector to float a part of the slime and then carry out coarser flotation. It is also possible to remove mud by mechanical equipment. The mechanical desilting is to remove a part of the fine mud by a classifier (such as a hydrocyclone) before flotation. Generally, the particle size of deliming is 10-20 microns. Deslimation grade is mainly determined by the performance of the classification equipment . After de-mudging, the effect of coarse flotation can also be changed. The main problem is that the fine mud is difficult to float, and the fine mud can be considered for treatment by cyanidation.
3. Sediment sorting. The process requirements for fine mud treatment by flotation alone are:
1) It is advisable to use a longer flotation time, and a flotation time of 40 to 60 minutes may be used for a particle size of less than 10 micrometers;
2) High concentration (60-70%) pulping, low concentration (20% or less) flotation;
3) Adding drugs in stages, increasing the amount of collector and reducing the amount of foaming agent;
4) Large amount of inflation, small bubbles, weakening the rising ore flow. In actual production, it is difficult to meet the above-mentioned fine flotation process requirements, and thus the index of fine mud flotation is not high. It can also be considered that after the separation of mud and sand, the sand slurry is subjected to flotation treatment, and the mud slurry is treated by cyanidation to recover gold ; the flotation condition can be ensured, and the cyanide requirement can be satisfied.
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