Computer aided design of prismatic turning tool
1. Introduction
The forming turning tool is a specialized cutting instrument used in machining the surfaces of rotating workpieces. Its cutting edge is specifically designed to match the profile of the surface being machined. The use of such tools ensures stable machining quality, high productivity, multiple regrinding opportunities, and an extended service life. However, traditional manual design methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often lack precision. To address these issues, we have developed a computer-aided design (CAD) system for prismatic turning tools, aiming to reduce the design cycle and improve accuracy.
2. System Configuration and Operating Environment
Figure 1
The CAD system for prismatic turning tools is built on AutoCAD R2000 as the platform. It utilizes Object ARX 3.0, developed with Visual C++ 6.0, to create an ARX dynamic link library. This application runs within the AutoCAD environment. The user interface is fully in Chinese, with clear prompts at each step. The system follows a modular structure, including modules like initialization settings, tool structure design, profile design, graphic generation, dimensioning, and output (see Figure 1).
3. CAD Design Method for Prismatic Turning Tool
During the design process, the front and back angles of the shaping tool are determined based on the material selected by the user. The system automatically calculates the rake angle (gf) and relief angle (af) according to the material properties.
1. Tool Structure Design
The clamping section of the prismatic turning tool uses a dovetail structure, which is reliable and capable of withstanding large cutting forces. Key structural parameters include the total body width (Lc), body height (H), body thickness (B), and the size of the dovetail.
a. Total Body Width (Lc): This equals the total cutting edge width and is calculated as Lc = l + a + b + c + d. Here, l is the profile width of the workpiece, a is the additional width to avoid overcutting, b considers face machining and chamfering, c is for pre-cut groove, and d ensures the cutting edge extends beyond the blank. These values are typically entered by the user during the design process.
b. Body Height (H): A larger H increases the number of regrindings. The recommended value is 75–100 mm with a tolerance of ±2 mm.
c. Body Thickness (B): This must ensure sufficient strength while allowing smooth chip removal and easy installation. The system automatically selects B based on the total width.
d. Dovetail Structure Size: The dimensions are standardized and stored in a data file. The system automatically selects the appropriate size based on the total width.
2. Tool Profile Design
Rotary parts consist of arcs, straight lines, and other curves. The system distinguishes between arc and straight segments before performing profile correction calculations. It processes input data from users, including diameters, deviations, and axial distances, to set coordinates and generate accurate profiles. For example, when a workpiece has a circular arc, the tool's profile may be approximated as an arc with an adjusted radius due to the presence of rake and relief angles.
3. Graph Generation and Dimensioning
a. Graph Generation: Based on the design data, the system defines coordinates and determines the drawing direction. It then generates the required drawings using AutoCAD commands.
b. Dimensioning: Dimensions are divided into shape and position sizes. The system automatically organizes and labels dimensions, avoiding overlaps or omissions. It saves the final drawings as blocks for future use.
Image 3
4. Graphic Output
a. Frame Settings: The system automatically selects the frame size or allows user input. It inserts the generated drawings into the correct proportioned layout.
b. Title Bar and Technical Requirements: Using Dialog Control Language (DCL), the system creates a dialog for entering information such as designer name, material, and scale. This data is automatically placed in the title bar, as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
5. Conclusion
The prismatic turning tool CAD system was developed using Visual C++ 6.0 and AutoCAD R2000. Users can input necessary data through a human-computer interface to design and generate engineering drawings that meet national standards. This system significantly improves design accuracy and efficiency, reduces the design cycle, and lowers costs. Moreover, the output data can be easily converted into numerical control instructions, making it highly practical and valuable for industrial applications.
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