Diamond abrasives make cutting tools even more powerful

The left side of the page contains a comprehensive review on the sawing mechanism when diamond tools are used to cut hard and brittle materials like stone. It covers the wear mechanisms of diamond tools during the cutting process, as well as the current research status on sawing forces both domestically and internationally, including various perspectives and opinions. Due to the complexity of the sawing process for such materials, there is still no unified understanding of the underlying mechanisms. As a result, there is an urgent need for further theoretical research into the wear behavior of diamond tools and the forces involved in the sawing process. **Introduction** Hard and brittle materials refer to substances that exhibit high hardness and brittleness, often being non-conductive or semi-conductive. Examples include various types of stone, glass, silicon crystals, quartz, hard alloys, and ceramics. With the advancement of science and technology, the application of these materials has expanded significantly, and their processing techniques have also evolved. Among the many methods used to process hard and brittle materials, cutting plays a crucial role. For instance, in the production of building decorative panels and precision parts made from rock, sawing is typically the first step, accounting for over 50% of the total processing cost. Today, diamond cutting tools are widely used for cutting and shaping hard and brittle materials like stone. Since diamond is the hardest natural material, its exceptional properties make it highly suitable for this type of cutting and processing. Diamond cutting tools are commonly used in several sawing methods, such as circular saw blades, diamond band saws, frame saws, and bead saws. While each method has its own unique characteristics and applications, they all share similar cutting and wear mechanisms. As rock cutting is one of the most common uses of diamond tools, a deeper understanding of the sawing mechanism and the wear behavior of these tools is essential for their proper design, manufacturing, and usage. Over the years, researchers around the world have conducted extensive experiments and studies on the cutting mechanism of diamond tools on granite, the wear of diamond tools, and the cutting forces involved. These efforts have led to significant progress and have provided valuable theoretical guidance for the development of new cutting technologies and tools. **Research on the Sawing Mechanism of Diamond Cutting Tools** Diamond abrasives are typically manufactured into cutting tools through sintering or electroplating. The cutting process of diamond tools is similar to grinding, but due to the nature of the materials being processed—such as rocks and ceramics—the mechanism differs significantly from metal machining. The process is more complex and involves multiple factors. Since the introduction of diamond cutting tools for stone, numerous studies have been conducted on the cutting mechanism. Scholars from both within and outside China have carried out long-term research on the processing mechanisms of diamond tools when cutting granite. Initially, researchers focused on the interaction between individual diamond particles and the stone. Early experimental studies revealed that when single-grained diamonds cut granite under different conditions, the primary failure mode of the rock is brittle fracture. However, depending on the mineral composition of the rock, some plastic deformation can also occur. Over time, the methods used to study this process have evolved from simple surface scratch observations to the use of advanced techniques such as polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These tools allow researchers to observe the surface morphology of the cut material and analyze crack propagation. Additionally, acoustic emission signals are used to monitor and evaluate the cutting condition of the rock during the process. Despite these advancements, the complex nature of the sawing process for hard and brittle materials means that a universally accepted understanding of the mechanism has yet to be established.

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