Phytoremediation Technology and Prospect of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil

    Plant absorption is the use of plants that can over-accumulate metals to absorb metal ions in the environment and transport and store them in the aerial parts of plants to remove heavy metals in the soil environment. This is the current study more and considered the most promising repair methods. Plants that can be used for phytoremediation should have the following characteristics: ① higher accumulation rate at lower pollutant concentrations; ② in vivo capacity to accumulate high concentrations of contaminants; ③ simultaneous accumulation of several metals; Fast growth and biomass characteristics; ⑤ insect-resistant, disease-resistant and strong. It is an important prerequisite to find plant species that can absorb different heavy metals and to study the regulation of plant absorption. Kumar et al found that the cultivation of mustard seed in nutrient solution containing high concentration of soluble Pb, can make the stem Pb content of 1.5%, a US plant repair technology company mustard grass for field repair experiments. In order to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of contaminated soils, the nature of pollutants should be considered. Heavy metal pollutants are often stored in soil in many forms. Different chemical forms have different effectiveness. A certain organism may have a repair effect on a single heavy metal. In addition, the way of heavy metal pollution (single pollution or compound pollution), the concentration of the level is also an important factor affecting the repair effect. At the same time should also pay attention to the impact of environmental factors. Understanding and mastering the soil moisture, nutrition and other supplies, timely replenishment of plants in the process of remediation of nutrients and water consumption, can improve the efficiency of bioremediation. In general, soil salinity, pH and redox conditions and heavy metal chemical forms are also important environmental conditions that affect plant remediation efficiency for heavy metal contaminated soils.

    To solve the problem of soil heavy metal pollution, we should strengthen the research on soil ecological chemical behavior and restoration technology, and further study the mechanism of plant hyperaccumulation heavy metals, the relationship between hyperaccumulation efficiency and valence, morphology and environmental factors of heavy metals in soil. Strengthen the plant - microbial coexistence system research. The use of genetic recombination technology to cultivate super-high accumulation of plants to deal with heavy metal pollution in soil is an effective way to explore one, while seeking a comprehensive utilization of a variety of repair techniques. In addition, efforts should be made to strengthen environmental management to control the emission of pollutants and actively promote the development of eco-agriculture.

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